Is addiction a disease or not Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is dependency a disease or non - Essay Example1). Saah, on the other hand, provided the meaning of the term as a personality disorder, (which) whitethorn also be seen as a worldwide epidemic with evolutionary genetic, physiological, and environmental influences controlling this style (Saah Introduction par. 1). The National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) presented its meaning as a chronic, relapsing mavin disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences (NIDA par. 1). These definitions have disparities in price of identifying habituation as a state of dependence, which is a behavioral or personality condition as contrasted to it being determine as a disease of the brain. The aim of the current discourse is to determine whether addiction is a disease or just an extreme pull in of learning. Background and Review of Literature The level of having diagnosed addiction as an abnormal condition was noted to have originated from the 1800 s where pay offs allegedly worked with patients, identified to have been diagnosed with intoxication and drug addiction, as confined in private sanitariums (Origins Recovery Centers). Only in 1934 was it dis nextd that a particular doctor, Dr. William D. Silkworth, had apparently revolutionized finding appropriate and effective treatment for addiction through the establishment and close link of working and being supported by a group of committed individuals. As noted, it was the doctors belief that an addict has both mental and physical abnormalities (Origins Recovery Centers par. 5). At this stage, addiction has already been identified complex in terms of containing mental, as well as physical abnormalities comp championnts which were separately identified in definitions noted above. From the study written by Sussman and Sussman, the authors explored the various definitions of addiction. Accordingly, the authors included elements of addiction derived from a publications search t hat uncovered 52 studies include (a) engagement in the behavior to achieve appetitive effects, (b) absorption with the behavior, (c) temporary satiation, (d) loss of control, and (e) suffering negative consequences (Sussman and Sussman 4025). The authors have likewise uncovered the date of origin of examining addiction cases to the 1700s from the study written by Meyer entitled The disease called addiction Emerging evidence in a 200-year debate (Sussman and Sussman 4036). On the contrary, addiction was emphasized that it was not at all a disease but instead, an extreme prepare of learning. Lewis contended that other emotions, such as love, also alter the brain yet, not called a disease. He argued that physical changes in the brain are its only way to learn, to remember, and to develop. But we wouldnt involve to call learning a disease (Lewis par. 9). To this, he aptly concluded that addiction (whether to drugs, food, gambling, or whatever) doesnt fit a specific physiological cat egory. Rather, I see addiction as an extreme form of normality, if one can say such a thing. Perhaps more precisely an extreme form of learning. No doubt addiction is a frightening, often horrible, state to endure, whether in oneself or in ones loved ones. But that doesnt make it a disease (Lewis par. 11). Analysis of the Definition of dependance and Confirmation From the definitions that were provided, one affirmed that these

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research Paper ExampleIt will help in the employment of closely effective treatments for rehabilitation of medicate ab routiners. Keywords Drugs, medicate dependence, medicate abusers, stress, relapse, reward. Drug Addiction The word addiction is derived from the addicere (a Latin verb), to bind or give an individual to one thing or another. It is generally employed in the field of drug to refer to compulsive, uncontrollable, or continuing drug use, to the level that an individual (an addict) may persist the drug forever. It typically implies a strong physical and psychological dependence that results in a secession syndrome on ceasing the drug regime. Drug addiction entails instinctive search to utilize a substance, in cattiness of the latent negative psychological, physical and tender consequences (Brown, 2003). The drug intake generates satisfaction and an intuitive drive that necessitates unremitting or periodic drug to avoid the anxiety and distress and provide pleasu re (Moal and Koob, 2007). Types of Drug use Recent analyses have focused on the following three kinds of drug use (1) Controlled, occasional, or social use. (2) Abusive or harmful use, and (3) Drug addiction. Clinically, the irregular but controlled exposure to a sedative drug is different from excessive drug use, lacking control over restraining drug intake, and the appearance of chronic neurotic drug-seeking that portrays addiction. One of the fundamental objectives of recent neurobiological research on addiction is to comprehend the neuroadaptive and neuropharmacological mechanisms within token neurocircuits that arbitrates the transition in between controlled, occasional drug use and the failure to control behavior of drug-seeking and drug-taking that classifies chronic addiction (Moal and Koob, 2007). It is assumed that this transition corresponds to the channel from a normal to an allostatic state and consequently to a diseased one, i.e., a brutal and relapsing ailment. The critical nature of the dissimilarity between harmful abuse and addiction is illuminated by epidemiological studies that show that a very limited percentage of the users will break dependent or addict. Stages of Addiction Drug-taking commences with collective drug-taking and severe reinforcement and occasionally, for a few individuals, then progresses in a pattern of growing compulsive use and lastly to withdrawal, dependence, and protracted abstinence. Since relapse is possible to occur, gum olibanum the cycle repeats (Robinson & Berridge, 2003). Characteristics of Drug Addiction Drug addiction, also termed as substance dependence is a persistent relapsing disorder usually characterized by (1) Urge to search for and take the drug (2) Loss of efficacy to control on limiting the drug administration (3) Development of negative emotions (e.g., anxiety, dysphoria, irritability) when drugs are avoided (Moal and Koob, 2007). Who are drug abusers? Drug abusers may be defined as individu als who are obsessive in the drug administration behavior that they undermine other important aspects of life, like relationships, parenting, performing normal life activities, moral value etc. (Butler, 2009,). Reasons behind drug abuse Like various psychological disorders, substance dependence or drug addiction depends on numerous things. However two main factors are Genes Once the drug use has been initiated, the hereditary factors like genes

Cultural Event Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

heathenish Event Report - Essay ExampleAs announced, the exhibits during that p artistryicular day include Read My Pins The Madeleine Albright accretion the Yves Saint Laurent The Retrospective Focus Earth & Fire Garry Winogrand Women Are Beautiful and Blue & White A Ceramic Journey among 22 events. in that respect were two building in the premises the North make that housed the main museum, which is a seven-storey structure. Likewise, another building, the Frederic C. Hamilton Building house additional collections of the museum. Both architectural structures are forms of art in themselves as they used innovative styles and are uniquely designed.The Yves Saint Laurent The Retrospective exhibit started on March 25, 2012 and would run until July 8, 2012. It showcased a remarkable collection of haute couture garments, photographs, drawings, and films that exemplify the evolving years of Saint Laurent as a designer. The way the garments, photographs, and memorabilia were presented was just magnificent and is highly indicative of the quality and excellent image that Saint Laurent has exuded finished the years. The collection entitled The Dior Years were simply breath-taking in sublime perfection and beauty. Four haute couture garments were showcased in grey, black, flannel and red in styles that embody timelessness.Likewise, in another showcase, The Shock of Colors, was equally awe-inspiring as the set apart room was apparently lined from floor to ceiling in a rainbow of fabric swatches, where the walls are cover with pages reportedly taken from Saint Laurents old notebooks. The merging of these swatches with the garments displayed effectively delivered the message to the viewing audience.There were still various designer pieces, such as the Paris Rose, the long evening plume in black and draped with pink satin ribbon on the bodice which was the centerpiece of the exhibit. All these magnificent displays settle years of artistic designs that are being shared

Service blueprint Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Service blueprint - Research Paper vitrineThis research intent will establish the effects of service blueprint on Ikea the piece of furniture store. This proposal will focus on the relationship between service blueprint and the furniture stores exertion. In addition, it will give way to the collection and analysis of data from appropriate sources in raise to answer the research problem.Service blueprint is essential in the determination of the performance of a furniture store. The success of furniture storage in Ikea is influenced by the manner in which the management tailors the service processes and trading operations to boost the productivity of the Ikea furniture storage .This concept immensely contributes to the success of a firm given(p) the value-chain analysis concerned with the service blueprint (Giriappa 56). However, the principle can be used to boost the performance of a firm. This is because the manufacturing sector can send to the refurbishment of the infrastruc ture. Evaluation for service processes can be employed in order to enhance response to variances. Consequently, productivity of a firm will to increase. This will lead to the going concern of a furniture store. Most entities have many activities, which result in the difficulties in the critical evaluation of the value-adding service processes. Service blueprint is also based on the assumption that products wipe out activities, which in turn consume resources of an entity (Ledderhos 48). This system assigns cost of the activities done in the process of production with bear upon to the resources used in these activities. Then the activity costs are allocated to the products and services. This assigning of cost to products is done utilize specific ratios of their workloads. This system establishes the exact portion of resources consumed by a particular product. This is aimed at means victimization the profitability or loss of producing a certain good. In addition, this information helps in determination of the nearly

Language Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Language - Research Paper practice sessionThe capacity to produce a clear and concise meaning of what an individual means to relay allows for the mend understanding and by extension relations of the participating individuals (Kennison, 2013). The importance of vocabulary to man and the emphasis on its development undersurface be seen by the general portrayal of the past progress that was made from counteract men to the modern man that is seen today. In most instances the cave man is shown as an individual with ability to speak and form clear words and communicates mostly with grunts and gestures in the same manner that an ape for eccentric would do (Kennison, 2013). As man continues to evolve and develop as a species the change is seen non unaccompanied in the posture (that straightens into an upright position) but in their ability to communicate with bingle other as well (Fitch, 2010). The emphasis of wrangle as one of the crucial elements of evolution lays the foundati on for the argument that it is an classic part of the human element and is thus involved in one way or another in daily life and in studies such as the humanistic discipline and social sciences (Trask, 2007). However to to the full grasp the involvement in the midst of language and these studies it is critical to comprehend the key concepts of language such as the various definitions that are available. The understanding of these elements would serve to produce a good depiction of the relationship between these two subjects. Textbook Definition The textbook definition of language idler be seen as the simplest manner of explanation for the description of the subject (that is, language). This description aims at cutting across the various sub-topics that arise in this matter and present an accurate representation of the meaning of the word (Kennison, 2013). The text book definition of language in this case can be the use of a complicated system of communication by human beings to relate messages to one another in various manners of forms such as utter and written word as well as gestures in some cases (Fitch, 2010). A language can be termed as any manner of communication that meets this description and there are a hulky number of languages of languages that have been developed around the world. However, it should be eminent that the textbook definition of language would not be able to fully assist in the relation of the modern day approach to humanities and social sciences and the subject. It is however important in the progression of ones understanding of the subject so as matter to allow for a clearer perception of the other available definitions of language (Trask, 2007). It is crucial that one first learns the basics of the topic before delving further into the connection that exists between the studies that have been mentioned and the involvement of language in their development and progression. The further definitions of language can be seen to orig inate from different viewpoints that have been studies in relation to the topic in an attempt to explain the various fundamentals that govern this subject. Language in Relation to Social Structure The human language can be seen to be unique in a number of aspects that are lacking in other species of animals that populate this planet. This is due to the number of properties that can be found in it when studied closely (Trask, 2007). Some of these include elements such as recursivity, productiveness and displacement. These are all elements that are not found in

Marketing Plan Report - Introducing Five Guys Burger to Kuwait Assignment

Marketing Plan Report - Introducing louvre Guys Burger to Kuwait - Assignment Example use promotion aligned with psychographic traits related to the consumer behaviour, Five Guys can gain brand recognition and, ultimately, brand orientation with its focus on integrated marketing communications and positioning on quality.Five Guys Burger Restaurants is a casual, firm food restaurant headquartered in Fairfax, Virginia in the United States. The comp both maintains a menu that is focused on hamburgers, kosher hot dogs and a variety of different sandwiches. Between 2010 and 2011, the company experienced revenue produce of over 32 percent (York 2012). In the United States, Five Guys Burger is positioned as being a interrupt burger, with a high level of emphasis on quality ingredients to differentiate the business from domestic American competition.However, the U.S. marketplace, in terms of fast food restaurants, is highly saturated and it is difficult to achieve egression in a rapidl y maturing market. As a result, Five Guys Burger Restaurants is seeking new market opportunities in alien markets where there is less competitive saturation and where consumer characteristics are favourable for achieving market growth and building a positive brand reputation. This report identifies potential market opportunities in Kuwait, a developing nation, for Five Guys Burger to implant a potent competitive identity. The report provides justification for market entry in this country, an analysis of competitors in the region, the cultural profile for viable consumer segments in Kuwait, and an appropriate targeting strategy and positioning strategy to achieve the objectives of growth for the company. Additionally, the report provides appropriate recommendations, based on market conditions, for ensuring success in this new foreign investment.Five Guys differs from its other American competitors, offering only fresh beef and promoting that the company does not maintain any freeze rs in its

Are we really running out of oil Research Paper

Are we really running let out of oil colour - Research Paper ExampleThe OECD is made up of about 28 countries as of 2010, including countries such(prenominal) as the United States, United Kingdom, Korea, Japan, Canada, Germany, France, and Australia. The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA as indite or reflected in the IEA documents. From the perspective of the IEA, the summary situation is that global issue will peak unmatched twenty-four hours, but that peak will be pertinacious by factors affecting both supply and posit (IEA, founding null spotter 2010 Executive Summary, 6). IEA data and forecasts indicate that oil demand (excludes demand for biofuels as opposed to fossil fuels), will continue to grow steadily to reach 99 million put per day (mb/d) by 2035 or 15 mb/d higher from 2009. In the IEA estimate, all of the acquit growth will do it from non- instalment of the OECD, about half from China alone. The rise in demand from non-OECD member countries will be mainly driven by demand for transport fuels (IEA, World Energy aspect 2010 Executive Summary, 6). Given the estimated rise in demand to 99 million barrels per day by 2035, global oil production will only reach 96 million barrels per day (mb/day), 3 mb/d of which will come from gains in processing efficiency (IEA, World Energy Outlook 2010 Executive Summary, 6). ... ation of Petroleum Exporting (OPEC) countries to rise continuously up to 2035 under the New Policies Scenario (IEA, World Energy Outlook 2010 Executive Summary, 6). The increasing production from OPEC will boost OPECs share in total world oil production by about one-half (IEA, World Energy Outlook 2010 Executive Summary, 6). Iraq will account for the largest share in the increase of OPEC oil output, commensurate with its large vision base (IEA, World Energy Outlook 2010 Executive Summary, 6). The statements from the IEA suggest that the immediate decreases in output in oil production will be coming fro m the non-OPEC countries rather than from the OPEC countries. In clarifying what it means by global production will peak one day, but that peak will be determined by factors affecting both supply and demand, the IEA clarified that in the New Policies scenario, total world production does not peak before 2035 (although it will be close to doing so). However, according to the IEA, production raise peak at 86 mb/d just before 2020 because of weaker demand that falls briskly thereafter because of lower prices (World Energy Outlook 2010 Executive Summary, 6). The scenario of a weak demand can come about because of environmental concerns related to global warming. In summary, the IEA said that if governments act more vigorously than soon planned to encourage more efficient use of oil and development of alternatives, then demand for oil might begin to ease soon and, as a result, we might see a passably early peak in oil production (World Energy Outlook 2010 Executive Summary, 6). The IE A strongly stress that the early peak in this scenario will not be caused by resource constraints but by dwindling demand and price realignments