No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

No topic - Essay Example The cytoskeleton is composed of three kinds of connective fibers, the smallest of which are microfilaments, then followed by intermediate filaments, and the largest kind of fiber are the microtubules. Of these three, the microtubules have the most involvement in the cellular processes within the cell, which can be attributed to the composition as well as the mode by which the network expands or retracts within the eukaryotic cell. Microtubules are made up of ?- and ?-tubulin dimers arranged in a lattice to create a series of protofilaments (Figure 1). 13 of these filaments are laid side-by-side to form 25nm tubes. Due to the head-tail arrangement ?- and ?-tubulin dimers, the whole microtubule network is considered to be polarized, with some of the tubules growing towards the nucleus (minus end) and some shrinking away from the nucleus and elongating towards the cytoplasm (plus end), making the tubules act like polarized particles (Galjart, 2010). The plus end of the microtubules cont ains a guanosine-triphosphate (GTP) cap that attracts tubulin dimers connected to GTP to expand as needed (Maurer et al., 2012). The expansion or contraction of the tubes is called dynamic instability, occurring through the hydrolysis of GTP to guanosine-diphosphate (GDP), which allows the tubules to alternate between elongating (called rescue) and shrinking (called catastrophe) even if the amount of tubulin dimers available in the cell is constant (Curriea et al., 2011). Figure 2 shows the head-and-tail arrangement of the dimers, as well as to how the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP causes the microtubule fibers to undergo rescue or catastrophe. Figure 1. Arrangement of the ?- and ?-tubulin dimers within the lattice of a protofilament, with the red arrow showing the direction of growth (Maurer et al., 2012). Figure 2. The formation of a microtubule fiber consists of a dimer bound with either GTP (straight) or GDP (curved), depending on whether the plus end undergoes shrinkage (catastrophe ) or elongation (rescue) (Galjart, 2010). As shown in figure 2, the plus end of an elongating microtubule fiber contains a GTP cap which attracts dimers with GTP. The straight arrangement of the GTP-containing dimers ensures that the elongating or rescuing tubules are stable enough while expanding. On the other hand, as the tubule shrinks or becomes catastrophic, the GTP-dimers undergo hydrolysis, forming GDP-dimers which curve backwards due to the dimers’ curved conformation from the loss of a water molecule. The de-polymerization of the tubule by reduction of GDP-dimers completes the shrinking process, allowing the free dimers to convert into GTP to be later used in tubule elongation processes in other parts of the cell. The polarized nature of the microtubules and the strong affinity of the GTP-caps to GTP-dimes help the microtubule-ends to actively select GTP-dimers instead of GDP-bound ones. Elongation or shrinkage of the microtubule fibers due to polymerization or addit ion of dimers, or de-polymerization or the reduction of dimers are able to generate forces that could push or pull the organelles within the eukaryotic cell. This alternate shrinking and elongating action by the tubules is an essential task especially during the stages of cell division when the organelles and the chromosomes are pulled towards the opposite sides of the dividing cell (Curriea et al.,

Chocolate Industry Essay Example for Free

Chocolate Industry Essay * Indian chocolates industry is growing at a rapidly18-20% per annum. * Cadburys occupy about 72% of the chocolate/confectionery market with Dairy Milk, Five Star, Perk, Gems * The organized sector in chocolates constitutes 40%. Chocolate consumption in India is low, per capita consumption in urban India is estimated at about 250g compared to 8-10 kg in Switzerland. * Indian chocolate market is estimated to be close to Rs 2500 cr. of which metros like Mumbai and Delhi occupy a major share. HISTORY * 1765, First Chocolate Factory In the USA * 1800, Chocolate is an Industry * 1819, The Swiss Invest in a Chocolate Factory. * 1847, An English Company Introduced Fondant Chocolate * 1923, The CMA (chocolate manufacture association)was Established * 1956 Cadbury milk chocolate launched. * 1957 Cadbury 5 star launched. * 1970 Cadbury eclairs launched. * 1974 Amul chocolate launched. * 1986 Cadbury milk chocolate re-launched as Cadburys dairy milk. * 1991 Nestle chocolates TYPES OF CHOCOLATES 1. Unsweetened chocolate Unsweetened chocolate is chocolate in its rawest form. This unadulterated chocolate is also known as baking, plain or bitter chocolate and popularly used as the base for cakes, brownies, confections, and cookies. Unsweetened chocolate is made from pure chocolate liquor that has been refined and contains 50-55% of cocoa butter. 2. Milk chocolate Milk chocolate is the combination of chocolate liquor, cocoa butter, vanilla, milk solids, and lecithin. This type of chocolate could be kept up to a year if stored in a cool, dry place. Milk chocolate must contain at least 10% of chocolate liquor, 3. 7% milk fats, and 12% milk solids. 3. Semi-sweet chocolate and Bittersweet chocolate Both Semi-sweet and Bittersweet chocolate contain cocoa liquor, sugar, cocoa butter, vanilla, and sometimes lecithin. Semi-sweet and Bittersweet chocolate, if well wrapped and stored in a cool, dry place with good air circulation, could be kept for several years. Major types and brands of chocolates * Cadbury * Nestle * Amul Other * Comp co * Ferrero * Mars * Govind * Lindt * Hershey Chocolate global market share * The global chocolate market is expected to grow from $83. 2 billion in 2011. to $98. 3 billion in 2016 at an estimated CAGR of 2. 7% from 2011 to 2016. * The market in Asia is driving sales and is expected to hold a 20% share of the global market in 2016. The market in Asia is expected to have a high CAGR of 4. 7%. Chocolate global market share Source: (Euro monitor). Chocolate Market in India * Chocolate market is estimated to be around 2500 cores growing at 18-20% per annum. * Cadbury is the market leader with 72% market share * The per capita consumption of chocolate in India is 400 gram compared with 1. 9 kilograms in developed markets such as the United Kingdom * Over 70 per cent of the consumption takes place in the urban markets Chocolate Market in India A Snapshot * Jan. 2011 Kraft Foods acquires Cadbury India * Jul. 2011 Hershey’s exits JV with Godrej Group * Oct. 2011 Ferrero opens first production facility in India * Nov. 2011 Campco increases production to 23,000 ton. /year * Dec. 2011 Kraft Foods increases investments in Cadbury India The Indian confectionery market – Source:- Industry experts and leading manufacturers estimates, Promar’s trade interviews Indian confectionery industry Share by Volume 000 tonnes (2009) Source: (Euro monitor, 2009). Indian confectionery industry Share by Value (Rs cr. ) 2009 Source: (Euro monitor, 2009). CONSUMPTION SEGMENTATION BY AGE Segment| Share (%)| 2 to 8 years old| 16| 8 to 25 years old| 53|. 25 to 54 years old| 22| Over 55 years old| 7| Source: Ministry of food processing industries CONSUMPTION SEGMENTATION BY REGION Segment| Share (%)| North| 35| East| 12| West| 33| South| 20| Source: Ministry of food processing industries Product Variation Segment| Share (%)| Moulded Chocolates| 50| Count line bars| 33| Sugar panned| 13| Choco panned| 4| Source: Ministry of food processing industries Market share different company Company | Market share % | Cadbury | 72% | Nestle | 18% | Amul | 4% | Other | 6% | PRODUCTION YEAR WISE Source: Central Statistical Organisation (CSO). Import of Chocolate Sugar confectionery (value in us$) Source: commercae. nic. in Import of Chocolate Sugar confectionery (volume in mt ) Source: commercae. nic. in Consumer Trends * Mithai- is getting substituted by chocolates Convenient packaging and better shelf life. * Sudden spurt in advertisement between July Sep in festival seasons. * The range and variety of chocolates available in malls seems to be growing day by day, which leads to lot of impulse sales for chocolate companies. * Chocolates which used to be unaffordable, is now considered mid-priced. * Designer chocolates have become status symbols. * In past, consumers had negligible inclination for dark chocolates. But now we have seen a change in the Indian palate, which is increasing the base of this sub-segment Challenges in Indian chocolate industry * TEMPERATURE * UNAVAILABILITY OF CONTROLLED REFRIGERATION * RAW MATERIALS * TRANSPORTATION * THREAT FROM FOREIGN BRANDS Growth opportunities in Indian chocolate industry Untapped Market Limited Consumption: The fact that chocolate is not a traditional food, high prices and domestic production problems will provide the main problems to market growth. As these markets develop, prices will fall making these products more accessible to the wider population. However the Indian market is still untapped and provides immense scope for growth, both geographically as well as product basket wise. Chocolate consumption in India is extremely low. The per capita chocolate consumption in India is still much below the East Asian standards. Hence per capita consumption has a immense scope for improvement. Strategies for Growth Success in India 1. Revamp the product to keep the excitement alive. 2. Companies should look at new avenues, while expanding the reach of its products. Distribution will hold the key. Companies need to reach out to smaller towns, where three-fourths of the population does not even know the product. 3. Merger Acquisitions: Mergers Acquisitions with companies that match the product portfolio overall growth strategy should be considered which will not only strengthen the company to establish a stronger hold in the country but also ward off possible competition in the select category. Such collaborations will also facilitate companies to use each other’s distribution networks. Conclusion * Cadburys /Nestle occupy about 90% of the chocolate /confectionery market. * * While there are some places in India where people have never even tasted chocolates once. * Understanding the consumer demands and maintaining the quality will be essential. References * www. indiainfoline. com * http://www. marketsandmarkets. com/PressReleases/global-chocolate-market. asp * Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), Compiled by India stat. * http://www. espatial. com/articles/a-valentines-day-map-world-chocolate-consumption/ * www. ministryoffoodprocessingindustries. com * www. business-standard. com * http://www. indianmirror. com/indian/industries/chocolate. html * www. ibef. org * www. fmcg markets. com.

The Importance Of Theoretical Frameworks For Understanding Foundations :: essays research papers

The Importance of Theoretical Frameworks For Understanding Foundations of Political Science The importance of theoretical frameworks is essential for understanding foundations for political science. The definition of the word framework is a theory which can be used as a lens to look at a set of facts. (E.g., journalist look at a set of facts that tell a story of what happened). These frameworks in political science help build a strong foundation and advocate a precise sense of racial balance in the political arena. A social scientist tries to organize a set of facts into systemic theoretical passion. The Social scientists are trying to accomplish the facts they create can be used to explain a theory that can be applied to other sets of facts. The importance of these frameworks helps people gather important information and compare and contrast their different strengths and weaknesses. The first traditional and most dominant framework to examine is Pluralism. Pluralism can generally be defined as group politics in a free market society. Pluralism takes its roots from the founding of the nation. James Madison saw the United States as a stronger nation if there was conflict rather than a consensus. Madison points out in Federalist #10 that citizens would be divided into many factions that would compete for benefits. The chief cause of division when Madison wrote this was economics in origin, but now race has emerged as a major factor in dividing American society. Robert Dali founder of Pluralism modernizes Madison's theory into theory of American democracy to incorporate into the theory of pluralism. Pluralism explains minority group politics in a process that attempts to show the strength of groups in the minority. In pluralism the theory assumes that there are non-cumulative inequalities in American politics. These inequalities would mean no group would be on the minority of a law being passed every time and that no group dominates every time either. The second part of the pluralism theory suggests that there is a multiple power center. A definition of multiple power center is when a minority group is denied access to influence one branch of government but may be able to influence politics or policy change in another part of the arena. Example, a group may be unable to pursue its goals of influence of the legislative branch but it might be able to influence the executive branch. The third assumption of the pluralist theory is non- cumulative groups have a number of political resources at their disposal. If a group does not have financial means it might make up for it numbers at the election booth.

Causes of the American Civil War

A common assumption to explain the cause of the American Civil War was that the North was no longer willing to tolerate slavery as being part of the fabric of US society. Also, that the political power brokers in Washington were planning to abolish slavery throughout the Union. Therefore for many people slavery is the key issue to explain the causes of the American Civil War. However, it is not as simple as this and slavery, while a major issue, was not the only issue that pushed America into the Great American Tragedy.By April 1861, slavery had become hopelessly entangled and complex with state rights, the power of the federal government over the states and the South’s way of life – all of which made a major contribution to the causes of the American Civil War. By 1860, America could not be seen as being a standardized society. Clearly defined areas could be identified that had different outlooks and different values. This was later to be seen in the North versus South divide that created the two sides in the war. The South was an agricultural region where cotton and tobacco were the main backbone to the region’s economic strength.The area relied on exports to markets in Western Europe and the class structure that could be found in the UK, for example, was mimicked in the southern states. In the South, the local plantation owner was a ‘king’ within his own area and locals would be respectful toward such men. The whole structure was represented as a strictly Christian society that had men at the top while those underneath were expected and required to accept their social status. Social advancement was possible, but consistently it was done within the senior families of a state, who were the economic, political and legal brokers of their state.Within this structure was the wealth that these families had built up. It cannot be denied that a huge part of this wealth came from the fact that the plantation owners oriented the work o n their plantations around slave labor. As repugnant as it may be to those in the 21st Century, slavery was simply seen as part of the southern way of life. Without slavery, the economic influence of these leading families would have been seriously dented and those they employed and paid – local people who would have recognized how important the local plantation owner was to their own well-being – simply accepted this as how it is.When the dark clouds of war gathered in 1860-61, many in the South saw their way of life being threatened. Part of that was slavery but it was not the only part. The North was almost in complete contrast to the South. In the lead up to April 1861, the North was industrializing at a very fast rate. Entrepreneurs were accepted and, in fact, were seen as being vital to furthering industrial development of America. You did not have to stay in your social place and social mobility was common. It was always possible but most of America’s bes t entrepreneurs based themselves in the North where the backbone of social class was weaker.The North was also a sophisticated mixture of nationalities and religions – far more so than the South. There can be little doubt that there were important groups in the North that were anti-slavery and wanted its abolition throughout the Union. However, there were also groups that were undecided and those who knew that the North’s economic development was based not only on entrepreneurial skills, but also on the input of poorly paid workers who were not slaves but lived lives not totally removed from those in the South.While they had their freedom and were paid, their lifestyle was at best very harsh. While the two sides that made up the American Civil War were apart in many areas, it became worse when the view in the South was that the North would try to force its values on the South. In 1832, South Carolina passed an act that declared that Federal tariff legislation of 1828 a nd 1832 could not be enforced onto states and that after February 1, 1833 the tariffs would not be recognized in the state. This brought South Carolina into direct conflict with the Federal government in Washington, DC.Congress pushed through the Force Bill that made it possible for the President to use military force to bring any state into line with regards to realize Federal law. On this occasion, the threat of military force worked. People in South Carolina vowed, however, it would be the last time. It was now that slavery became mixed up with state rights – just how much power a state had compared to federal authority. State rights became combined with slavery. The key issue was whether slavery would be allowed in the newly created states that were joining the Union.This disagreement further developed with the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 whereby Kansas, among others, was purchased by the federal government. Kansas was officially opened to settlement in 1854 and there was a rush to settle in the state between those who supported slavery and those who opposed it. The state became a place of violence between the two groups and Kansas got the nickname ‘Bleeding Kansas’ in acknowledgment of what was going on there. However on January 29, 1861, Kansas was admitted to the Union as a slave-free state.Many in the traditional slave states saw this as the first step towards abolishing slavery throughout the Union and thus the destruction of the southern way of life. When South Carolina seceded from the Union on December 20, 1860, the first state to do so, it was a sign that the state no longer felt part of the United States of America and that America as a nation was being conquered by a federal government comfortable in the views of the North. Whether this is true or not, is not relevant as it was felt to be true by many South Carolinians. The secession of South Carolina pushed other southern states into doing the same.With such a background of d istrust between most southern states and the government in Washington, it only needed one incident to set off a civil war and that occurred at Fort Sumter in April 1861. The Civil War was one of the most tragic wars in American history. More Americans died than in all other wars combined. Brother fought against brother and the nation was torn apart. In the end, we must look at the important consequences of the conflict. The nation was reunited and the southern states were not allowed to secede. The South was placed under military rule and divided into military districts.Southern states then had to apply for readmission to the Union. The Federal government proved itself supreme over the states. Basically this was a war over states rights and federalism and the victor was the power of the national government. Slavery was in fact ended. While slavery was not officially outlawed until the passage of the 13th Amendment, the slaves were set free upon the end of the war. Reconstruction, th e plan to rebuild America after the war, began. Industrialism began as a result of the increase in wartime production and the development of new technologies.

President Jackson Guardian of the Constitution

With good intention of building a nation based on principles of freedom, opportunity, and equality, the United States early leaders had many struggles in doing so. A utopia world can be imagined and planned out, but tribulations will always occur, making a utopia impossible to be created. The Jacksonian Democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the Constitution, individual liberty, and equal opportunity, but then again, tribulations are inevitable. Jacksonian Democrats took on the duty of defending the country from mostly outside powers, but also from problems that take place in the country. The Declaration gives the American man many rights, which can be, and will be abused. Document A explains how the Jacksonian's recognized this, and again, with good intent, they have assigned themselves as an organized party, with leaders of high meaning to protect any misuse of the said freedoms in the Declaration. President Jackson takes a commanding step in his faith of defending the country in his veto of the United States Bank re-charter showed in Document B. He gives a good argument for why the Bank is disrupting and harmful to the United States, and his veto is because he is trying to protect the United States. Document D shows how the United States was already very prospering, and the document really emphasizes the amazement of individual liberty. Never before, anywhere else in the modernized world was the a working democracy, but the United States seemed to be a very able country even with individual liberty. The writer claims she was â€Å"painfully amazed† when the question was up-rose of whether the people are encouraged to govern themselves, she was surprised because it looked as if it was a great environment. Document E tells of how a riot broke out in Philadelphia because of the issue of slavery, and black discrimination. This is a struggle that will always haunt those in power. The issue of slavery completely goes against the Democrat belief of individual liberty. The very unmoral view of the situation will claim that blacks are not considered humans, but property. Document E shows that South Carolina moves to suppress the non-slave states' publishing and printing. Document G shows how the United States took the rights of the Indians in the Indian Removal Act, which led to the Trail of Tears. The Indians were forced out of their living space, and had their rights abused. In Andrew Jackson's veto explained in Document B, it shows how he is defending the equal opportunity of the United States. He says, â€Å"It is to be regretted that the rich and powerful too often bend the acts of governments to their selfish purposes. † He is defending the common man and in doing so, he is also defending the Constitution. Equal Opportunity is also shown in Document F. South Carolina accepts the views of the non-slave states, but they realize the influence of of the non-slave states may be seen in the slave states, so they set restrictions on what they can print and publish in newspapers and pamphlets. They do not want the non-slave states to interrupt with their potential. The Jacksonian Democrats claimed to be defenders of the United States. They defended the Constitution, individual rights, and equal opportunity the best they could. But arguments and problems are always on the horizon, and sometimes defending them can turn someones actions on what they previously claimed their beliefs. For this, the Jacksonian Democrats were continuously challenged on their position on different subjects.

Pronoun Use is NOT Rocket Science

Pronoun Use is NOT Rocket Science Pronoun Use is NOT Rocket Science Pronoun Use is NOT Rocket Science By Maeve Maddox What is so hard about knowing when to use I and when to use me? Why cant professional reporters and TV script writers get it straight? Florida fifth-grader Damon Weaver understands the subject form of the first person personal pronoun. In case youve missed him on YouTube, Damon Weaver is newly-famous for interviewing Senator Joe Biden and for being pushed away by Secret Service agents when trying to question Senator John McCain. A recent Google search for Damon Weaver racked up 1,740,000 hits. Before Weaver interviewed Biden, he interviewed a local TV reporter. The reporter used me where he should have used I. Later on, Weaver demonstrated his own grasp of the grammatical concept by using I correctly. Last night, veging out in front of the TV, I was treated to three examples of incorrect pronoun use in a row. Two occurred in The Mentalist: She and him were sneaking around behind my back. At least we know it wasnt her that killed Cara. Then, barely a minute into Without A Trace, came this one: Me and my mom used to go there. Come on, writers! If a ten-year-old can get it straight, whats your excuse? Fifth-Grader Has Better Grammar than News Reporter (Link no longer active) Grammar 101: Pronouns TVs War on Me and I Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund Phrases"Owing to" vs "Due to"

buy custom Motivation Stress and Communication essay

buy custom Motivation Stress and Communication essay Lockheed Martin is a global aerospace, security and defense company based in the U.S. The firm was established after the merger of two main premier technological companies namely Martin Marietta and Lockheed Corporation in 1996. With more than 150,000 employees, Lockheed Martin is one of the most technologically advanced firms, with vast global interests. Despite the current economic crisis that has almost led to the collapse of well-established companies, such as the General Motors (GM), financial institutions among other notable institutions, Lockheed Martin (LM) has maintained steady growth, a factor that can be attributed to sustainable management of the available resources. For instance, in 2011, the company made a net profit of $ 2.93 billion, the highest as compared to other firms dealing with defense contracts. During the same duration, the total equity and assets increased by 15.2% and 17.6% to $ 3.71 and 35.2 billion respectively (Hartung, 2010). As indicated by Hartung (2010) LM operates in four notable business segments. These segments are aeronautics, electronic systems, global solution and information system as well as space systems. Headed by Robert Stevens, who serves as the chairman and CEO (Chief Executive Officer), LM have been able to enormously invest in the area of research and development, thus enabling the firm to develop revolutionary products, such as Prepar3D, which is an advanced simulation software used in visual flight (Hartung ,2010).Due to the high level of success, both in the domestic and international markets, my interests for working for LM as a director of business development(DBD) has significantly increased over the years. As indicated above, the sustained growth of LM globally is attributable to effective marketing campaigns, healthy management of the available resources among other notable factors, which adheres to the aspect of good governance. Latham Locke (2002) argues that for any company to remain profitable both in the short and long run, there is an urgent need to invest in the field of research. For example, an organization can research on new variety of business services or properties. This way it becomes possible to indentify existing or expected gaps, thus attracting and retaining customers. Mainly, business development is aimed at enhancing overall growth, through penetrating the existing markets, attracting new customers, developing business model designs, strategic analysis among other notable factors. All these duties are usually carried out by business development managers (Derek, 2008). Gronroos (1994) candidly indicates that DBD has a challenging duty of indentifying all business o pportunities for the firm as well as managing main client relationships. In LM, DBD is one of the staff members in charge of financial prosperity within the organization, thus requires a person who is highly skilled in negotiations, finance, sales and strategic planning. As stipulated by Derek (2008), business development director works with an aim of improving market position of an organization, hence improving the overall financial stability. Further, DBD defines the long-term strategic goals, indentify business opportunities, build key customer relations, negotiates, as well as closes all business deals; uphold extensive awareness of the prevailing market conditions among other duties. According to Lockheed Martin companys policies, the director of business development should: Present a budget for approval by the board as well as prudently manage the available resources within the budgetary guidance. Likewise, the director must adhere to company polices and the ethical guidelines as stipulated in the corporate governance. Develop and maintain the reputation, values, and culture of an organization in all its markets, staffs, suppliers, partners, customers, and regulatory bodies. Build as well as lead a cohesive and an effective management team Self-dvelopment and enhanced personal development (Latham Locke, 2002). Other personal skills required include adequate academic qualification of at least bachelor degree and five years working experience, strong analytical skills, leadership skills, and ample knowledge in management and business principles among others. Owing to my vast experience in the field of management, I strongly believe that I will be able to fill the job position of director of business development in Lockheed Martin. From the above job description, it is clear that, this particular job position requires a person who can be able to integrate a lot of issues for efficient management purposes. To achieve all this, there is an urgent need to come up with well-stipulated goals to improve on the overall performance of the firm. It is notable that goal setting is one of the most powerful processes for any person to contemplate about their ideal future, as well as a key motivating factor in turning vision to reality. Gronroos (1994) argues that goal settings entail the establishment of S.M.A.R.T (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, as well as Time-targeted) goals (Gronroos, 1994). There are numerous ways, in which setting goals could significantly improve on my performance as a director of business development. First, clea r goals will help me in recognizing and eliminating threats, such as increased competition from other firms offering similar services and products. For instance, technological development has enabled small and emerging businesses to compete effectively with the well-established companies, such as Lockheed Martin. This is an enormous threat, due to reduced number of sales leads, resulting to minimal sales turnovers (Gronroos, 1994). Secondly, setting clear goals will enable me as the director of business development to effectively communicate with other staffs, partners, customers among other stakeholders (Latham Locke, 2002). Through effective communication in the work place, it will be able to teach the other employees on the general policies affecting the firm, a factor that will extremely help to solve short and long-term challenges. Generally, goal setting will be crucial for me to overcome barriers encountered during strategic planning, enhance my relationship with employees and other stakeholders, thus enhance rapid growth of Lockheed Martin Company (Latham Locke, 2002). There are several factors which may lead to stressful situations in the workplace. Norris (1994) indicates that in this difficult economic time, many employees, regardless of their salary levels, seniority, and occupation spends more time feeling frazzled as well as out of control in the workplace, instead of being relaxed and alert. It is notable that, while some levels of stress may be considered as a usual part of workplace, increased stress levels may enormously interfere with an employees productivity, resulting to low levels of ones emotional and physical health. Stress can be defined in various ways, but one of the simplest definitions is a state of mind and body that results from ones incapacity to handle difficult situations where the outcome of that ability is essential. It can also be defined as ones response to situations that threaten one-self or negatively affect the balance in ones life. The challenges that cause the stress scenario are called stressors. They include w ork challenges, social relations challenges, insecurity, personality challenges and much more. However, a modest amount of stress is constructive, in that it prompts one to operate more productively and leads to enhanced mental and physical development. Latham Locke (2002) defines workplace stress as the harmful emotional and physical response that takes place when there is poor matching between job demands and resources, capabilities, or the needs of a given employee. There is a variety of factors, which contributes to highh levels of workplace stress. These include isolation, negative workload, extensive working hours, and poor working conditions among other factors. Owing to the numerous responsibilities attached to the job position of director of businesses development, it is significant for me to respond to various causes of stress, failure to which, I may not attain the set goals (Derek, 2008). One of the ways to manage workplace stress resulting from my new position as the director of business is through cognitive control. Cognitive control includes the combined processes of enabling ones mind to handle challenges, without losing control. It involves remaining positive, being confident, controlling ones thoughts, emotions an d environment. The other way to manage stress is through regular exercise after work. Exercise not only helps manage stress, but is also a vital ingredient in remaining healthy and wading off many diseases. Exercise does not always entail strenuous and painful procedures, but can easily be achieved through simple routines strategically applied. Eating healthy diet is another major factor that I will significantly employ in managing stress. Proper balance diet provides the much needed balance in the body, leading to an optimized environment for proper body function in times of stress and anxiety. The daily food intake should include the three major food categories which are proteins, vitamins, and carbohydrates in proper proportions. Other ways of managing stress resulting from my new job position as director of business development in Lockheed Martin, include taking enough rest from the working environment and requesting for help where necessary among other notable measures (Norris, 1994). Communication is one of the critical tools in enhancing healthy relationship in all workplaces. Yet problematic communications interaction permeates even healthiest of all relationships, resulting to misunderstanding between senders as well as receivers of the message. Very few employees exhaustively understand communication as packages as well as the affects it holds on relational interactions. Latham Locke (2002) argues that there are numerous nonverbal and cultural barriers, which hinders effective communication in workplaces. Non-verbal communication are those non-verbal stimuli generated by the both the speaker (source) as well as his or her use of the available environment and having potential message value for the listener (receiver). This includes, but not limited to touch, eye contact, gestures, vocal nuance among others. In most instances, non-verbal communication vastly varies from one culture to the other, thus making it ineffective tool for communication, especially in organizations, such as Lockheed Martin, where employees originates from various backgrounds (Latham Locke, 2002). As a director of business development in Lockheed Martin Company, there is an urgent need to deal with non-verbal and cultural barriers to communication. This will enable me to fully address issues hindering the success of employees and other stakeholders involved in the firms strategic planning. One way to address this is to check for understanding (Miller McBrewster, 2010). To achieve this, it will be crucial ask question to people am talking to, bearing in mind that most of them hails from different backgrounds. The other way to overcome this is by avoiding the use of slang in the workplace. This is due to the fact that slang words usually vary within different languages. Other measures include using gestures in culturally appropriate ways, being a good listener, learning the culture of other employees among others. From the above study, it is evident that there is the need to effectively manage organizations, thus enhancing short and long-term sustainability. As a director of business development in Lockheed martin Company, I will ensure implementation of sound policies to ensure the firm remains profitable in the foreseeable future (Hartung, 2010). Buy custom Motivation Stress and Communication essay